《回乡偶书》

作者：贺知章

少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰。

儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来。

【注解】：

１）鬓毛衰：两鬓的头发已经斑白。

【韵译】：

少年时离乡，到老了才回家来；

口音没改变，双鬓却已经斑白。

儿童们看见了，没有认识我的；

他们笑问：这客人是从哪里来？

【评析】：

这是一首久客异乡，返回故里的感怀诗。全诗抒发了山河依旧，人事不同，人生易老，世事沧桑的感慨。一、二句，诗人置于熟悉而又陌生的故乡环境中，心情难于平静。首句写数十年久客他乡的事实，次句写自己的“老大”之态，暗寓乡情无限。

三、四句虽写自己，却从儿童方面的感觉着笔，极富生活情趣。诗的感情自然、逼真，内容虽平淡，人情味却浓足。语言朴实无华，毫不雕琢，细品诗境，别有一番天地。全诗在有问无答中作结，哀婉备至，动人心弦，千百年来为人传诵，老少皆知。

COMING HOME

Author : He Zhizhang

Literal Translation:

Youth I was when I left my birthplace, Old I am when I returned,

Hometown accent unchanged, my sideburns grey.

Children saw me, no one knew me,

Smiling politely they asked, "Guest, where do you come from?"

Author:

He Zhizhang (659-744), a poet from the Tang dynasty, who came from today's Zhejiang Xiaoshan region in China.

Modern Translation:

The poet left his birthplace when he was young, and returned in his old age. His hometown accent remained unchanged, but his sideburns had already turned grey.The kids in the street saw him, yet no one knew him. Ironically, they smiled and asked where he came from. This poem seems plain, but is rich in meaning. The first two lines talked about the poet’s home-coming. The plain recounting of the event contained unspoken and inexpressible excitement and emotion. The poet found himself in a familiar, yet strange environment. As he walked, he sighed, recalling how he had left in his prime, but returned as an old man.The third and fourth line shifted the attention from an emotion-filled self-portrait to a dramatic scene with the children smiling. To the children, it was just a simple innocent question to ask smilingly,”where do you come from?”. However, that simple question became a heavy strike on the poet, as it stirred up his deep emotions and feelings.The poem ended quietly with that question, yet evoked mournful feelings to the utmost. He was being addressed as "guest" in his own hometown. This simple and short poem managed to express and capture the feelings of every wanderer in just a few lines. This is the reason why this poem has stired the hearts of people for thousands of years.

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《夜思》

作者：李白

床前明月光， 疑是地上霜。

举头望明月， 低头思故乡。

【注解】：

１、举：抬。

【韵译】：

皎洁的月光洒到床前，

迷离中疑是秋霜一片。

仰头观看明月呵明月，

低头乡思连翩呵连翩。

【评析】：

这是写远客思乡之情的诗，诗以明白如话的语言雕琢出明静醉人的秋夜的意境。

它不追求想象的新颖奇特，也摒弃了辞藻的精工华美；它以清新朴素的笔触，抒写了丰富深曲的内容。境是境，情是情，那么逼真，那么动人，百读不厌，耐人寻绎。无怪乎有人赞它是“妙绝古今”。

IN THE QUIET NIGHT

Auther : Li Bai

Literal Translation:

The moon light shines brightly before my bed,

As if cold frost on the ground before me

Raising my eyes to gaze at the moon,

Bowing my head and think of home.

Author:

This poem was written by the famous Tang poet, Li Bai (701-762), who came from the region of China near Tianshui, Gansu province.

Modern Translation:

The poem depicts a quiet night leading to thoughts of homesickness. Using plain simple language in the poem, the poet vividly captures his feeling of homesickness. It illustrates the power of the nature to evoke deep, thought-provoking in people. The poem is very short – it only contains 20 words – yet it manages to depict simply, clearly and naturally time, environment, atmosphere and the subtle action by the character that shows his heartfelt longing... homesickness.

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《咏鹅》

作者：骆宾王

鹅 ， 鹅 ， 鹅

曲 项 向 天 歌

白 毛 浮 绿 水

红 掌 拨 清 波

é 　 é 　 é

qū xiàng xiàng tiān gē

bái máo fú lǜ shuǐ

hōng zhǎng bō qīng bō

Literal Translation:

Goose, Goose, Goose

Bending neck up singing to the sky.

White feathers floating on the greenish water,

Red feet paddling out gentle ripples.

Author:

This poem was written by a Tang dynasty poet called Luo Bin Wang (approx. 640-684), who came from Wuzhou Yiwu, located in today’s Zhejiang region in China. The poet received very fine education from a young age, and had already made a name for himself as a poet during his youth. Together with Wang Bo, Yang Jiong and Lu Zhaolin, they were referred to as the "The Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". It is believed that this little poem was written by the poet when he was only 7 years old!

Modern Translation:

This poem is an appreciation of goose. The repetition of the word “goose” three times in the first line expresses the joy and excitement of children when they first discover the sight of a goose. The last three lines capture vividly the poise, manner and special air of goose. Those white geese swimming leisurely in the lake, making high noises with their necks and heads high up towards the sky, as if they are chit-chatting among themselves, as if they are singing with gusto, and even more so, as if they are singing to the sky. The geese are swimming around in the water, their pure white body contrasting with the greenish water and their red feet gently paddling the water, creating soft ripples.

This poem evokes the picture of a very relaxed, joyful, wholesome, beautiful and carefree atmosphere and describes the world as seen in the eyes of children. This is the way innocent and carefree children first get to know about life and the world - full of joy of discovery and optimism… just like the bird dashing towards the big nature… lively and elated. This poem up-lifts our spirit by drawing us away for a moment to forget the heavy responsibility as an adult, and experience the heart and carefreeness of a child, which allows the child to have the simple ability to focus its interest in the appreciation of geese.

http://youtu.be/mw8oVeUOwe o

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《草》

作者：白居易

离离原上草， 一岁一枯荣。

野火烧不尽， 春风吹又生。

远芳侵古道， 晴翠接荒城。

又送王孙去， 萋萋满别情。

【注解】：

１）离离：历历，分明的样子。

２）远芳：伸展到远处的草。

３）萋萋：茂盛的样子。

【韵译】：

古原上的野草乱生乱长，

每年春来茂盛秋来枯黄。

任凭野火焚烧不尽不灭，

春风一吹依旧蓬勃生长。

远处芳草掩没古老驿道，

延至荒城一片翠绿清朗。

春绿草长又送游子远去，

萋萋乱草可比满腹离伤。

【评析】：

这是咏物诗，也可作为寓言诗看。有人认为是讥刺小人的。从全诗看，原上草虽有所指，但喻意并无确定。“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生，”却作为一种“韧劲”而有口皆碑，成为传之千古的绝唱。

GRASSES

Author : Bai Juyi

Literal Translation:

Boundless grasses over the plain

Come and go with every season;

Wildfire never quite consumes them --

They are tall once more in the spring wind.

Sweet they press on the old high- road

And reach the crumbling city-gate....

O Prince of Friends, you are gone again....

I hear them sighing after you.

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《登乐游原》

作者：李商隐

向晚意不适， 驱车登古原。

夕阳无限好， 只是近黄昏。


【注解】：

１) 意不适：心情不舒畅。

２) 古原：即乐游原，是长安附近的名胜，在今陕西省长安以南八 百里的地方。

【韵译】：

临近傍晚时分，觉得心情不太舒畅；

驾车登上乐游原，心想把烦恼遣散。

看见夕阳无限美好，一片金光灿烂；

只是将近黄昏，美好时光终究短暂。

【评析】：

这是一首登高望远，即景抒情的诗。首二句写驱车登古原的原因：是“向晚意不适”。后二句写登上古原触景生情，精神上得到一种享受和满足。“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”二句，素来人们多解为“晚景虽好，可惜不能久留。”今人周汝昌认为：“只是”二句，“正是诗人的一腔热爱生活，执着人间，坚持理想而心光不灭的一种深情苦志。”这种看法，虽有新意，却不合诗人的身世，也不合诗人当时的情绪。

THE LEYOU TOMBS

 Author : Li Shangyin

Literal Translation:

Feelings of sadness this evening,

Drove to “Deng gu yuan”.

No matter how beautiful sunset is,

It is near dusk.

Author:

This poem was written by a Tang poet, Li Shan Yin (812-858). He specializes in writing Parallel Prose and poetry, the most famous poem “Qilu”.

Modern Translation:

The author was feeling rather melancholic this evening. He drove to Le You Yuan (a place of interest south of Chang An in China during his time, where palaces had been built here during the Western Han dynasty 206 BC–AD 9) for walk. The colour of sunset is very beautiful, but alas this beautiful sight is very short-lived, as it means that the night is near... very soon the sun will set 

and this beautiful sight would dissipate away.

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《登鹳雀楼》

作者：王之涣

白日依山尽， 黄河入海流。

欲穷千里目， 更上一层楼。

【注解】：

１）鹳雀楼：在今山西省蒲县西南，传说鹳雀经常栖息于此。

【韵译】：

夕阳依傍着西山慢慢地沉没，

滔滔黄河朝着东海汹涌奔流。

若想把千里的风光景物看够，

那就要登上更高的一层城楼。

【评析】：

这是一首登高望远诗。寥寥数语，把景色写得浩瀚壮阔，气魄雄浑，放眼宇宙之无限，寓寄哲理之深沉。诗的两联皆用对仗，而且对得顺乎自然，气势充沛，浩大无边，浑然天成。“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”，被作为追求理想境界的座右铭，遗芳千古。

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《早发白帝城》

作者：李白

朝辞白帝彩云间，  千里江陵一日还。

两岸猿声啼不住，  轻舟已过万重山。

【注解】：

１、白帝：今四川省奉节

２、江陵：今湖北省江宁县。

３、一日还：一天就可以到达。

【韵译】：

清晨，我告别高入云霄的白帝城；

江陵远在千里，船行只一日时间。

两岸猿声，还在耳边不停地啼叫；

不知不觉，轻舟已穿过万重青山。

【评析】：

诗是写景的。唐肃宗乾元二年（７５９），诗人流放夜郎，行至白帝遇赦，乘舟东还江陵时而作此诗。诗意在描摹自白帝至江陵一段长江，水急流速，舟行若飞的情况。首句写白帝城之高；二句写江陵路遥，舟行迅速；三句以山影猿声烘托行舟飞进；四句写行舟轻如无物，点明水势如泻。

全诗锋棱挺拔，一泻直下，快船快意，令人神远。难怪乎明人杨慎赞曰：“惊风雨而泣鬼神矣！”

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《相思》

《相思》

作者：王维

红豆生南国， 春来发几枝。

愿君多采撷， 此物最相思。

【注解】：

１）红豆：又名相思子，一种生在岭南地区的植物，
    结出的籽象豌豆而稍扁，呈鲜红色。

２）采撷：采摘。

【韵译】：

晶莹闪亮的红豆，产于岭南；

春天来了，该长得叶茂枝繁。

愿你多多采摘它，嵌饰佩带；

这玩艺儿，最能把情思包涵！

【评析】：

这是借咏物而寄相思的诗。一题为《江上赠李龟年》，可见是眷怀友人无疑。起句因物起兴，语虽单纯，却富于想象；接着以设问寄语，意味深长地寄托情思；第三句暗示珍重友谊，表面似乎嘱人相思，背面却深寓自身相思之重；最后一语双关，既切中题意，又关合情思，妙笔生花，婉曲动人。
全诗情调健美高雅，怀思饱满奔放，语言朴素无华，韵律和谐柔美。可谓绝句的上乘佳品！

ONE-HEARTED

Author : Wang Wei

Literal Translation:

When those red berries come in springtime,

Flushing on your southland branches,

Take home an armful, for my sake,

As a symbol of our love.

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《春晓》

《春晓》

作者：孟浩然

春眠不觉晓，  处处闻啼鸟。

夜来风雨声，  花落知多少。

【注解】：１、春晓：春天的旱晨。

【韵译】：

春意绵绵好睡觉，不知不觉天亮了；

猛然一觉惊醒来，到处是鸟儿啼叫。

夜里迷迷胡胡，似乎有沙沙风雨声；

呵风雨风雨，花儿不知吹落了多少？

【评析】：

这是一首惜春诗，诗人抓住春晨生活的一刹那，镌刻了自然的神髓，生活的真趣，抒发了对烂漫醉人春光的喜悦，对生机勃勃春意的酷爱。言浅意浓，景真情真，悠远深沉，韵味无穷。可以说是五言绝句中的一粒蓝宝石，传之千古，光彩照人。

//

A SPRING MORNING

Meng Haoran

Literal Translation:

Sound asleep and unaware that it's soon dawn,

Everywhere the chirping sound of birds is heard (in the morning).

The sound of rain (heard) in the night,

(Wondering to self ) how many flowers have fallen.

Author:

This poem was written by a Tang poet, Meng Haoran (689-740), who came from the region of China near Xiangzhou Xiangyang (now Hubei Xiangfan). He had an elegant and refreshing style of writing, and wrote mainly of a secluded life in the country side.

Modern Translation:

Spring is beautiful, with the wonderfully intoxicating scent, and transforming scenery of landscape that is so mesmerizing. But what captured the heart of the poet most is the lively sounds that spring brings. 


The poet was asleep and before he knew, it was dawn (不知不觉已到凌晨). When the poet woke up from his sleep on a spring day morning, the first thing he heard was the chirping of birds. The melodious exchange of chirping sounds of birds that could be heard from everywhere far and near, was what that brought the poet most joy. 


At the same time, what mesmerized the poet even more was the episode of spring showers the night before. In the peaceful quietness of the spring night, the drizzling of the spring rain brought to people a powerful misty dream-like imagination. The poet wondered how many flowers have fallen as a result of the rain the night before. 


The deep green after the rain the night before brought forth the beauty, the freshness and the vivid liveliness of the early morning spring. 


The beauty of this poem is that the poet used very simple and plain language to illustrate for us the natural beauty of nature, like clear spring water breathing fresh air into our hearts, refreshing and mesmerizing us.

This is a very suitable and popular poem for children.

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萤火虫找朋友

在一个夏天的夜晚，萤火虫提着绿色的小灯笼，飞来飞去，找朋友。

萤火虫飞呀飞，飞到灯光下，看见几只小飞蛾，就说：“小飞蛾，你愿意做我的好朋友吗？”小飞蛾说：“好吧！待会儿再跟你玩儿，我们要找小妹妹，你帮我们找找，好吗？”萤火虫说：“不，不，我要找朋友。”说完便飞走了。

萤火虫飞呀飞，飞到池塘边，看见了小青蛙，就说：“小青蛙，你愿意做我的好朋友吗？”小青蛙说：“好吧！待会儿再跟你玩儿，我要找我的小弟弟，你帮我找找，好吗？” 萤火虫说：“不，不，我要找朋友。”说完便飞走了。

萤火虫飞呀飞，飞到大树下，看见了一只小蚂蚁，就对小蚂蚁说：“小蚂蚁你愿意做我的好朋友吗？”小蚂蚁说：“好吧！待会儿再跟你玩儿，我迷路了，帮我照亮回家的路，好吗？” 萤火虫说：“不，不，我要找朋友。”说完便飞走了。

萤火虫到处找朋友，可是，它一个朋友也找不到。于是，他停在树枝上，伤心地哭了。

大树公公听见了，就问萤火虫：“萤火虫，你为什么哭得这么伤心呀？”萤火虫一边哭一边说：“我要找朋友，可是，一个朋友也没找着。”说完，它便对大树公公讲起了事情的前前后后……

大树公公听后，对萤火虫说：“萤火虫，你不帮助人家，人家当然不会做你的朋友。”

萤火虫听后，脸红了。

提问：

1．        一个夏天的夜晚，萤火虫在做什么？

2．        它飞到灯光下，遇见了谁？

3．        小飞蛾请萤火虫帮忙它做什么？

4．        萤火虫飞到池塘边遇见了谁？

5．        青蛙要萤火虫帮它做什么？

6．        萤火虫为什么不帮青蛙？

7．        萤火虫飞到树下，遇见了谁？

8．        蚂蚁请萤火虫帮它做什么？

9．        萤火虫为什么哭了？

10．   萤火虫为什么找不到朋友？

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曹冲称象

讲一个小孩子称大象的故事。这小孩子名叫曹冲。

曹冲的父亲曹操是个大官，外国人送给他一只大象，他很想知道这只大象有多重，就叫他手下的官员想办法把大象称一称。

这可是一件难事。大象是陆地上最大的动物。怎么称法呢？那时候没有那么大的秤，人也没有那么大的力气把大象抬起来。官员们都围着大象发愁，谁也想不出秤象的办法。

正在这个时候，跑出来一个小孩子，站到大人面前说：“我有办法，我有办法！”官员们一看，原来是曹操的小儿子曹冲，嘴里不说，心里在想：哼！大人都想不出办法来，一个五、岁的小孩子，会有什么办法！

可是千万别瞧不起小孩子，这小小的曹冲就是有办法。他想的办法，就连大人一时也想不出来。他父亲就说：“你有办法快说出来让大家听听。”

曹冲说：“我称给你们看，你们就明白了。”

他叫人牵了大象，跟着他到河边去。他的父亲，还有那些官员们都想看看他到怎么个称法，一起跟着来到河边。河边正好有只空着的大船，曹冲说：“把大象牵到船上去。”



大象上了船，船就往下沉了一些。曹冲说：“齐水面在船帮上划一道记号。”记号划好了以后，曹冲又叫人把大象牵上岸来。这时候大船空着，大船就往上浮起一些来。

大家看着，一会儿把大象牵上船，一会儿又把大象牵下船，心里说：“这孩子在玩什么把戏呀？”

接下来曹冲叫人挑了石块，装到大船上去，挑了一担又一担，大船又慢慢地往下沉了。

“行了，行了！”曹冲看见船帮上的记号齐了水面，就叫人把石块又一担一担地挑下船来。这时候，大家明白了：石头装上船和大象装上船，那船下沉到同一记号上，可见，石头和大象是同样的重量；再把这些石块称一称，把所有石块的重量加起来，得到的总和不就是大象的重量了吗？

大家都说，这办法看起来简单，可是要不是曹冲做给大家看，大人还真想不出来呢。曹冲真聪明！

[理解問題]：

【01】为什么砍一棵大树做秤杆来称大象不行呢？

A.没有太结实的大树。

B.没有人去砍大树。

C.没有人能提得起大秤。

D.没有相应的大秤砣。

【02】为什么称一称船里的石头，就知道大象有多重了？

A.石头和大象有相同的面积。

B.石头和大象有相同的体积。

C.石头和大象有相同的体重。

D.石头和大象有相同的比重。

【03】根据这篇文章，可以知道曹操赞同那种称象的方法？

A.砍一棵大树做秤杆称象的方法。

B.杀了象一块一块称象的方法。

C.用船来称象的方法。

D.谁的方法都不赞同。

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真假小白兔

小白兔当了萝卜店的经理。小狐狸很羡慕：“哼，我要变成小白兔！”于是，他念起咒语：“一二三四五六，狐狸变成小白兔。”嘿！小狐狸变成了一只小白兔了。

早晨，一只小白兔一蹦一跳来到萝卜店。店里的小灰兔一见，惊叫起来：“咦？小白兔经理刚进去，怎么又来了一个小白兔经理呢？”

里面的小白兔走出来一瞧，大叫：“你是……”

外面的小白兔也大叫：“我是这里的经理，你是谁？”

“明明我是经理，你是谁？”

两只小白兔吵起来。小灰兔们左看看右看看，全愣住了，实在分不出谁是真的小白兔经理。

熊法官来了，先在他俩面前放两捆青草，两只小白兔很快吃完了青草。熊法官又在他们面前放了两块肉，两只小白兔都皱着眉头：“不吃不吃！”熊法宫看看这个，又看看那个，怎么也看不出真假，急得直搔头：这可怎么办？

兔妈妈来了，两只小白兔一齐叫：“妈妈，我是你的孩子。”

兔妈妈看看这个，又看看那个，摇摇头：“咦，真怪！唔，我的孩子尾巴上有个伤疤。”

可仔细一看，两只小白兔尾巴上都有伤疤。这可怪了！兔妈妈想了想，忽然捂着肚子叫起来：“哎哟，哎哟，我的肚子疼！哎哟，哎哟！”兔妈妈疼得弯下了腰。

“妈妈，你怎么啦？”一只小白兔眼泪都流出来了，扑上来扶着兔妈妈，一边大叫：“快，快去叫救护车，快！快！”

另一只小白兔虽然也在叫“妈妈妈妈”，声音却一点不急。

兔妈妈猛然站起来，一把抱住扑上来的小白兔，说：“我分出来了，你才是我的孩子——真正的小白兔！”

小白兔笑了：“妈妈，你到底认出自己的孩子了！”

另一只小白兔见兔妈妈忽然好了，愣了一愣，才明白自己上了当。只好摇身一变，变成狐狸溜走了。

熊法官笑了：“兔妈妈，你真聪明！”

兔妈妈笑了，小白兔也笑了。

提问：

1．        小白兔在萝卜店里做什么工？

2．        为什么店里突然出现两只小白兔经理？

3．        为什么两只小白兔吵了起来？

4．        熊法官用什么方法分辨两只真假小白兔？

5．        兔妈妈用什么方法分辨出自己的孩子？

6．        为什么兔妈妈认得出哪一只白兔是她的孩子？

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小猪照镜子

小猪的脸总是很脏。

小猪过生日那天，他的朋友小兔送给他一面镜子，要他每天出门前照一照，“这样你就能知道脸上哪儿有脏，就可以把脏擦掉。”

第二天一早，为了不让镜子照出脏来，小猪把脸洗得于干净净的。

但当他正要照镜子时，飞来一只苍蝇，扔炸弹一样，把一点苍蝇屎掉到镜子上。这样，镜子里的小猪就成了一只脏小猪。

小猪赶紧拿毛巾来擦脸。擦一次，照一次镜子……怎么老是擦不掉？

“小猪！”小兔来叫小猪去玩。

小猪说：“等一等，我不把脸擦干净是不能出门的。”

“对。”小兔就在门外等。可是等了好久还不见小猪出米。

小兔进去一看，这才弄明白是怎么回事。

“小猪呀，你搞错了，”小兔把镜子上的苍蝇屎给小猪看，“脏的是镜子，你的脸已经擦得很干净很干净了。”

从这以后，每当小猪照镜子，看到镜子里的小猪脸上脏了，他就想：“这是镜子脏了，我的脸其实是很于净的。”

所以，尽管小猪天天照镜子，他还是一只脏小猪。

提问：

1．        小猪生日那天，小兔送他什么礼物？

2．        小兔为什么要送他镜子当礼物呢？

3．        第二天早上，为什么小猪用毛巾擦脸，镜子里的他还是肮脏呢？

4．        小兔等了小猪好久，为什么小猪还不出来？

5．        小兔告诉小猪什么？

6．        为什么有了镜子后，小猪的脸还是一样肮脏？

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